FOREWORD

It is not uncommon to hear that nothing existed before our universe and that there was no space or time until time began with the explosion called the big bang: an explosion that simultaneously created the space of our present universe (click). However, this is certainly not a monolithic belief. Paul Atkins labels that period, "The time before time,"^[1] and Leon Lederman, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988, writes: "We can try to imagine the pre-Big Bang universe: timeless, featureless, but in some unimaginable way beholden to the laws of physics."^[2] We might add that it would seem to be a time not only beholden to the laws of physics, but every other scientific and social law as well as the Nobel laureat Richard Feynman apparently believed (click).

From the time of the ancient Muslims, Jews, and Christians, to Socrates and Plato, and further back to the Egyptians, the ancients believed in something that Created the universe: and therefore, something that existed before the beginning. For the Koran, Talmud, or Bible to say that, "In the beginning, there was Allah, Yahwe, or God," means that Allah, Yahwe, or God was there before the beginning. The foreword to Plato's Republic in click, and the introduction there, show that many of the greatest people earth has produced believed that there was something before our universe began.

The story of Atlantis: On another note, Plato, in the Dialogues of Timeas, spoke of a place of advanced people with advanced learning from the lost civilization of Atlantis that had come to Egypt some 9,000 years previous to the time of Plato's writing. The Egyptian Priests told this to Solon on his visit to Lower Egypt. Solon reported to Critias who conveyed the news of this settlement to Plato who in turn recorded this event in his writings.^[3] Is there any evidence in modern science to validate the Atlantis story?
What science says of Atlantis: As – • the report on the Antarctic submitted on July 6, 1960 of the Reconnaisance Technical Squadron of the United States Airforce reveals, a seismic profile of land beneath the mile-thick ice taken in 1949 by the Swedish-British Antarctic Expedition contained features found on maps of the Antarctic before its glaciation some 10,000 years ago;^[4] • and as the pre-glacial Antarctic had both the land mass, rivers, remains of tropical flora and fauna, and geographic conditions to support a large population;^[5] and that it is located in the Atlantic area certain theories identify with the locale of Atlantis, there are those who believe that Antarctic may have been this place: a place of advanced learning and high civilization.
Before the beginning – a metaphorical Atlantis: The title of this writing is Atlantis. It signifies our absence of knowledge of the advanced learning and sophisticated intelligence that must have preceded the so-called beginning of our own universe. At the same time, however, just as circumstantial evidence would seem to point to the existence of a real Atlantis that time may yet reveal, so too life and the universe would seem to provide us with enough clues to draw certain conclusions about another Atlantis in time-before-time.

SIZE, SPACE, AND TIME

This section is now found at click and shows that the space in which the information needed to generate the universe was contained in an area both infinitely smaller and infinitely larger than Planck space. Infinitely smaller, for the initial size of the universe had to be smaller than Planck space. Infinitely larger, for the next section will discuss how our universe had to be born within a space infinitely larger than it is even today. With such a diminished measure of space and time, things suddenly become even more miniaturized and the issue of "How much space was initially needed to contain all the information found in our present universe" becomes, in the mind of the writer, an even more intriguing question.

SPACE BEFORE THE BIG BANG

The widely accepted view (click) is that, "When light first emerged and started to travel, space and time were created and before then, there was no space: there was no time – there was, instead, nothing and time did not exist." However, this logic should be explored for there is no guarantee that it is correct.

Paul Atkins, equating the universe to a puff of dust where each galaxy is a dust grain, notes: "Every 5 seconds the universe expands by an amount approximately equal to the volume of our galaxy."^[6] It will take the spacecraft launched from earth to Saturn over five years to reach there – and Saturn lies within the solar system. Distances in space are great. It takes many years for light to travel from one side of our galaxy to the next. It is no small feat, then, for the universe to expand in volume the size of our galaxy every 5 seconds.

As a bubble blown of gum will expand at its own rate and time into pre-existent space, so too must our universe with its peculiar expansion and time features expand into a pre-existent Space. There was no one was there at the big bang to report on what was there before and one can only have opinion – and choose to believe in a pre-Space or not. The view of the writer is that the universe could not expand if there were nothing to expand into: there was Space before space and the universe is expanding into a form of infinite Space. Credence may be found in Plank's interpretation of black body radiation. That interpretation would imply that something would exist in the Space that existed before our own space.

Planck worked with the vibratory nature of systems. He solved a long-standing problem in radiation physics with the hypothesis that the energy of a system vibrating with frequency v had to be a whole-number multiple of hv. Physicists attribute the beginning of the universe to superforce. As it is a force, it must have been vibratory in nature. Let us note that all of the forces (except the weak force?) manifest spherical concentricity: gravitation, the strong, and electromagnetic forces.

GRAVITY
• The sun during an eclipse shows it to form spherically concentric shells (click).
• In the New York Times, Week in Review (10/19/97), George Johnson showed pictures of the largest star in our galaxy, twenty times larger than our sun. The gases surrounding it are spherically concentric. See
(click ).
• The three Belt stars in the Orion constellation, show millions of stars clustered around each of them to be spherically concentric.
• A supernova is formed when the force of gravity pulls the outer layers down upon the inner core creating a massive explosion which is mediated by gravity. The click is an artist's rendition of actual pictures.

STRONG FORCE
• Eugene Wigner, Maria Mayer, and Johannes Jensen received the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics for showing: "that the protons and neutrons of the nucleus are arranged into concentric shells."

ELECTROMAGNETIC
• The electron shells in the hydrogen atom (not others) are spherically concentric.
• Schrödinger spoke of the propagation of light waves as: "concentric, spherical wave fronts like a system of onion shells."
• In Atkins, P., Physical Chemistry, Fifth Edition, (Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 121, Atkins represents the dispersal of kinetic energy from a bouncing ball as spherically concentric from the point of contact with the ground.
• The magnetosphere surrounding earth, the Doppler Effect, the propagation of sound and TV waves are all portrayed by scientists in illustrations as being spherically concentric.

It is the writer's plan to have as many pictures of the above in due time at this site and it should be noted that these are just several of many examples of force spherical concentricity. In the previous section the writer stated his opinion that if the universe is expanding infinitely, that it is expanding into a pre-existent and infinite space. Different from our own, but existent. The conclusion to draw from the behavior of three of the four forces, all united in superforce at the moment of the big bang, is that the so-called superforce itself was radiated powerfully and spherically concentrically into Pre-existent space just as they themselves radiate into our space.

THOSE THAT HAVE EYES AND SEE NOT

While we think we see, we are all but blind when considering the range of the electromagnetic spectrum. On CNN, Saturday, October 18, 1997, George Johnson, of New York Times, spoke of a the largest star in our galaxy being recently found and 20 times larger than our sun. Asked why we had not detected such a huge, enormous thing before staring us right in the face, he answered that it emits infrared rays and the human is not sensitive to infrared. Poking fun, he said we are lucky we do not see radio waves for then we'd see TV and radio programs each time we opened our eyes: they travel on radio waves. Actually, the visible light spectrum is no wider than the width of a human hair. The electromagnetic spectrum is a keyboard and the range of visible light that we see as just one key. The electromagnetic spectrum spans 10^–14 to 10⁹ meters.

We see very little. Kirlian photography sees what you might call a spiritual aspect (not spirit) of people as it shows the second-by-second change in the rainbow of colors radiating throughout our body with each change in thought, activity, and feeling. X-rays, on the otherhand, reveal muscle, bone, and tissue below our surface skin. We see neither like the hawk, the eagle, or any of the telescopes. We see neither the world presented to the vision of the ant, aphid nor protozoa. Prince does not see the world through the eyes of the pauper and the pauper does not see the world from the eyes of the prince. Nor does man see the world through the eyes of a dog, or vice versa. We see, in these cases, the same, but different things.

We see neither with Kirlian nor x-ray vision, telescopic, nor microscopic and those worlds are blocked from us. Bees see the ultraviolet spectrum which is why at night, they can still hunt for and see flowers. Flowers glow a soft violet color to them. Hunting animals, on the otherhand, see infrared light at night. Thus, everything that emits some form of heat from plants to animals, rocks, to rivers, takes on a dull reddish glow.

The human being can only see down to the 10^–2 meters. That is the level of small insects. Once down to the level of 10^–3 meters, we effectively don't see: lice are on that size scale. 10^–4 meters are protozoa and already invisible to the naked eye. 10^–5 meters find blood cells; 10^–6 meters the frequency in which is found visible light; 10^–7 meters DNA is visible; 10^–8 meters the molecular tubes as cilia of protozoa; 10^–9 meters molecules come into sight; 10^–10 meters the atom would be the size of a marble; 10^–11 meters x-rays; 10^–12 meters the nucleus would be the size of a pea; 10^–13 meters the nucleus would resemble an undersized raspberry; 10^–14 meters proton size of small marble; 10^–15 meters vague inner look at proton structure; 10^–16 meters we would see activity, but not know what we see.^[7]

WHAT IS IN A VACUUM? WHAT WAS IN THE VACUUM?

Where the machinery of the universe works: The human being cannot see the countless objects in infrared light nor ultraviolet. We cannot see radio waves and are therefore locked out from that universe. We cannot see below 10^–2 without aid and can see nothing below 10^–11. Yet, it is below this level that the machinery of the universe works. It is the virtual particle which energizes the quarks and leptons found in atoms and without which, there would be no atoms, no molecules, no stars, and no life (click here).

Yet, the virtual particles are so tiny that a proton would be the size of a 100 foot blue whale and a virtual particle the size of one of the thousands of pilot fish swimming all around about it. Electrons have clouds of virtual photons and mesons in the nucleus have clouds of virtual particles around them. That the word "cloud" is used to describe the situation shows that the density of virtual particles is thick, uncountable, and it is simply impossible to isolate a single virtual particle for deeper study.

On that scale, the particle is like a large lumbering queen bee gobbling up food energy and otherwise in need of the attention of her countless nurses or attendants to keep her going. Henry Kendall of MIT once said that an electron in a high energy gas would produce almost an infinite number of photons per second: 10²¹. These are virtual photons emerging from the vacuum to sustain it, and like waste, when used up, they are spewed back into the vacuum. Regular subatomic particles would not generate as many virtual particles (and they use as many as they generate) but the numbers are again quite uncountable. On the level of 10^–20 meters is where the post big bang universe begins to take on form, precision, perfection, and high definition.

The organization of life: Life is quite a conundrum. We are made of one germ cell from each parent. But, underlying each cell, as underlies everything, is a blueprint made of the forces that control each and every quark and lepton. And, these are immaterial, always in a state of flux. And, they as well require the nourishment of virtual particles from the vacuum. Before we existed, you and I, we didn't exist: before our genetic pattern, we weren't around. We were made in increments: first our DNA was 1% complete, then 10% complete. Our brain was once only 35% complete in the assembling DNA package that comprised us. And each subatomic particle in each atom had as its attendants, clouds of virtual particles to sustain it as it helped (and helps) provide the physical foundation for us to exist. This is the level that our existence is generated: the real nuts-and-bolts. The material level is only circumstantial: Plato may have been correct to call the physical world the shadow of reality.

A different interpretation of Forms, or Imago: It is the energy form itself which manipulates molecules as building blocks to make the sperm and eggs that become living things with all the information of their environments encoded. This can only mean that Nature is ONE BRAIN, and cognizant of itself, remembers, uses information, and changes with the times as the pre-requisites for life on earth today are different from the circumstances, habitats, flora, and fauna of life on earth two billion years ago. Shortly put, the universe is nonlocal (please click). Nature must truly have Forms (please click) or Imago: images of things to be. Imago would not be static.

While physical law and chance would be firmly in place, Imago would begin to operate creatively on the level of life. Imago would be the energy form, design, or blueprint that would form matter when the right combinations of matter were present. Thus, with the "right" molecular building blocks and circumstances, pre-conceived life forms would spring into being from the world where imagos of things form physical material into themselves – and they are designed to be interactive with the environment into which they will be born: form would be derived from Form, imago from Imago. And, while the world of Imago would exist, it would share creativity in living creatures with their gonads, or center of life.

The gonads as the center of life in living organisms: The center of life, or gonads, (please click) forms the sperm and egg in sexually reproductive organisms and would possess all knowledge of the environment of its organism in miniature – for it is in miniature that gonads imprint the codes which form body and behavior and in insects especially, pre-form pictures they will find in their environments when they arise from their eggs. Von Neumann said of this that, "The natural gene does probably not contain a complete description of the object whose construction its presence stimulates. It contains only general pointers, general cues."^[8]

The writer believes environmental information reaches the gonads in two ways: (1) nonlocally, which is to say everywhere simultaneously and therefore also in the gonads; (2) it travels to the gonads through the senses where it is sensed or evaluated and when required, it is encoded, stored, and used in purposeful evolution. The possibility of this preceding happening perhaps should be considered as it is indeed the gonads which form every aspect of the hand-glove relationship between the creature and the environment down to the highly specialized receptors that viruses use to intercept and enter cells.

This is hardly random. Lorenz writes, "The more complicated an adapted process, the less chance there is that a random change will improve its adaptedness.^[9] While David McFarland says, "The learning process has long been subject to natural selection so that, whatever changes occur, they must be in the direction that tends to improve the animal's fitness, and not be merely random or experimental changes." ^[10] The gonads within an organism have the specialized machinery to recreate each aspect of the organism such that its offspring will resemble it. The gonads are the whole organism in miniature: and more to the point, they somehow are the organism's ecosystem in miniature – where all these things in essence exist in the blueprint of forces underlying the matter of DNA.

Certainly there is random mutation and change: but the writer believes significant changes would be purposeful and engineered in the gonads, the center of life in any given living creature. "How is it that creatures are so much less intelligent than the systems that they use?" The center of life need not give this information to the conscious mind as the mind has no need of such knowledge if, and once the center of life designs behavior into the organism. The center of life would possess orders more intelligence than the physical brains of the creatures it creates. For instance, all the most intelligent humans together cannot make a person-like robot, but Nature made every person hundreds of times more sophisticated than any robot the most intelligent humans can make.

Human logic has yet to deal with the fact that the genotype, phenotype, and behavior of each living thing is in essence only energy. When a caterpillar emerges from its egg and seeks out leaves and later forms a cocoon from which a butterfly is released which finds the nectar of flowers, obtains protection from rain hanging upside-down from a leaf, and migrates southward in the winter, all that information is essentially in the energy form which designs the DNA for the cell that will become a caterpillar. In fact, the reason why life can form is probably because such energy forms exist in the world of ideas that preceded the universe and is there just waiting for matter to evolve to the point that latent pre-formed energy forms exist and can manipulate molecular forms when they evolve to a usable stage: i.e. H₂O or CO₂ had to evolve or be created in earth's atmosphere or exist before they could be used to form rust or life

The point is that it was energy forces alone that pulled the molecules of nourishment each into position in DNA to become our hairline, a set of baby and adult teeth, and the cutest girl or most handsome boy (at least to our mothers) in the world. Energy forces. It was forces of energy and is forces of energy underlying subatomic matter which fashions life and does so on scales of 10^–20 meters.

Yet, for the universe itself to be fashioned, it would require a space smaller than Planck size. If a proton at 10^–15 meters were expanded to the size of the universe or several times greater, that Planck space could be the amount of time required by a photon to travel a distance of 10^{–350, 000, 000} meters. And, that could be the size of the space required to hold all of the information which became the universe.

WHAT REALLY EXISTED BEFORE THE UNIVERSE BEGAN?

As the nature of existence is harmony where physical is elevated to the sentient, then the primary nature of the pre-big bang universe was the equivalent of Thought as living things must negotiate and evaluate. To design such an option would require all aspects to be capable of being involved in Thought and Thinking: to be able to initiate Thought and Thinking as well as interact with them. That the nature of existence itself is Thought and Thinking (click) would explain why each animal form is so well-suited to its environment. Yes, the evolutionists have answers for how everything can evolve from mustard seed to kangaroos.

But, the nature of Thought would explain how a butterfly can mimic the exact color and form of flowers. How the mosquito would have been able to evolve not only a suction needle, but the knowledge of just how to locate a food source and where to insert the needle to obtain its nourishment.Thought would explain how seed pods are often designed such that when once dry and touched, the seeds shoot out like nails from a high-compression bomb. How certain fish have the knowledge – and physical technology a millenium more advanced than anything in the human academic repertoire – spit water to knock insects into a pond. This would explain how the hermit crab could learn the use of the abandoned shell as a home or how the star fish could develop the technology and awareness that it could suck the innards of an oyster by turning its (the star fish') stomach inside out and pushing it inside the shell of an oyster where it would dissolve the contents and go on its merry way.

With such ability built into the forces that would become the physical universe, the Pre-big bang universe would be a living entity and experience the whole spectrum of Emotion, Dreams, Ambitions, Will, Love, Curiosity, Great Life, Humor. It must have been this for the created universe reflects these dimensions (click). The whole of pre-space would have spherically concentrically reverberated with the energies generated by the anticipation of that which was coming. Such would have been Atlantis.

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Bibliography supplied on request

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