volution as conscious design volution as conscious design The more complicated an adapted process, the less chance there is that a random change will improve its adaptedness. There are no life processes more complicated than those which take place in the central nervous system and control behavior. Random change must, with overwhelming probability, result in their disintegration.
Lorenz, K., ibid., 1966, p. 12.
Freeman Dyson believes that, "Numerical 'accidents' seem to conspire to make the universe habitable ... The more I examine the universe and the details of its architecture, the more evidence I find that the universe in some sense must have known that we were coming." Dyson In what follows, we will conclude that very conscious processes are at work in the formation and evolution of life.The learning process has long been subject to natural selection so that, whatever changes occur, they must be in the direction that tends to improve the animal's fitness, and not be merely random or experimental changes.
McFarland, D., and Houston, A., Quantitative Ethology: The State Space Approach, (Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, London, 1981), p. 172.
Information in a cell of DNA: Leon Lederman, formerly director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory from 1979 to 1989, referred back to Newton's law of gravity when he said: "Every atom on the earth pulls on every atom in an apple ... and an electron's electric field exists everywhere in space."Led Every quark and lepton in the universe feels every other quark and lepton and this would be true for the particles in the genome of an organism in a DNA cell itself.
We can define physical information as: "some broadcast which at least distinguishes the location, speed ( how fast in which direction or stationary), and form of one thing to another so that it can be distinguished from everything else." For instance, a rock or rocket, via the "broadcast" of gravity, completely distinguishes itself from all other things by communicating information of its location, speed, and form to the earth and everything else pulling on it. Much of such broadcasting is particle-to-particle information or continual two-way communication. Living organisms usually don't feel the gravitational or electromagnetic pull of particles except the gravitational pull of earth on their bodies or what they carry.
Electrons have fields and atoms have electrons. With the above definition of information, each particle and atom, through its extended field throughout the universe, broadcasts very precise information. Roger Penrose at Oxford University, states, "Particles are identical thereby making the difference between an electron in a brick and brain simply their respective configuration."Pen As particles are the same, only their configuration is significant. To draw the preceding discussion to its crux, it is the configuration of particles alone in any given genome which distinguish one person from another. Also, as the particle field is throughout the universe spread, the information found in any given genome exists throughout each nanometer of space intact (click for representation). and in inter-communication with every other genome. The last point will be not immediately but soon discussed.
What is found in the genome and what form does it exist in? First of all is an enormous amount of information itself. Due to its quantity, this is not included in the body of the present text but please do peruse or read it by clicking here. What form does this information exist within? It would appear that the whole audiovisual, tactile, olfactory, gustatory picture of the environment and all its inhabitants in each of their forms (eg. a tree from seed to full-grown) and the fighting style of an enemy. This information would be modeled in the germ cell but only where such information that was relevant to a particular organism and nothing really more.
There are many numerous and well-known figures stating that living things carry models of the world in their minds. Those employing the idea of Forms include Kepler, Jung, Wolfgang Pauli, and Werner Heisenberg. Those who have used the word "model" to describe the picture living things have of their "slice" of the world include Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Roger Penrose, János Kiss, Tom Stonier, and Hans Kuhn. Those using the word "image," or "mental image," include Socrates, Plato, Henri Poincaré, Taine, Delacroix, William James, Angell, Titchner, Varendonck, Konrad Lorenz, William H. Calvin, and Gregory Bateson. Atkins and Penrose use "object." Paul Davies writes of a "map of the stars" in birds that astronavigate. Donald Griffin believes animals "try out possible actions in their head." Richard Dawkins says within the genome, genes "program in eventualities." Ian Barbour speaks of "memory capacity through which the story of life is written in DNA." (footnotes for the sources in this paragraph supplied upon request).
Life information in a given cell or genome travels spherically concentrically and is in each nanometer of space throughout the universe simulteneously: We will discuss an idea that even if science wanted to, it could neither prove nor disprove: at the same time, it would seem to be logically true.
Every particle in a DNA cell transmits information. Within the cell, each particle's configuration is transmitted intact and in an uncorrupted form throughout the universe and the cell's wave form is as a whole transmitted as a whole and uncorrupted in each cubic nanometer of space. We will consider each particle to be a musical instrument played by one musician in an orchestra. Recall that in a concert hall or stadium, for each person sitting throughout, each one virtually hears the identical thing simultaneously.
We might imagine an orange and in oranges, each slice is filled with thousands of identical little sacks of juice and together the whole orange is. Time-wise, let us divide the music played by the orchestra into nanosecond (billionths of a second) measures. Let us also divide the concert hall into little nanometer-sized cubes. In this way, as an orange is full of tiny sacks of juice, our concert hall will be filled with nanometer cubes. To get closer to the point, when the orchestra plays, in each given nanosecond (now we are ignoring the speed of sound), virtually the whole audience is hearing the same music simultaneously and hears every piece in the orcherstra even while it hears the orchestra as a whole. In physics, the harmonic wave propagation of sound is considered to be in wave packets and each nanometer cube will have the identical packet of Tchiakovsky's Swan Lake.
Consider in two points that this is not so much metaphysics as fact. Firstly, recall George von Békésy writing in Scientific American: "At some sound frequencies the vibrations of the ear drum are as small as one billionth of a centimeter about one tenth the diameter of the hydrogen atom!"1 This draws the point that wave packets of sound can indeed be nanometer in size as part of daily reality.
Two forms of matter cannot be in the same space at the same time: but the fields of all particles are in all of space at the same time: Secondly, recall the fact that the field of an electron extends throughout the universe (see nonlocality): necessarily in each cubic nanometer of space. The genome or cell is a harmonic wave and like sound, would propagate intact as such. And let not the point be lost that even as we hear the whole orchestra, we can select a single instrument and follow it even as we can isolate a single tree from the forest while both are in view: part is part and whole is whole and part is part of whole as whole is part of part. This underscores that fact that the individual particle/note travels with the whole genome/musical composition: in each case, the individual particle/note is a wave, but part of a whole, part of the harmonic wave packet.
The final point of conceptual difficulty, and it will never be resolved, is how everything can be everywhere simultaneously throughout the universe. How is it that a given cubic nanometer of space can embrace the whole of the universe in its entirety? The writer refers the reader to the following picture on the interpenetration of waves that remain intact even as they pass through each other in the same cubic nanometer of space: (click). Finally, recall that a good satellite dish can pick up 200 TV stations and a good radio even more radio stations: all that information shares every cubic nanometer of space with each other even as it carries the sights we see around us and sounds we hear.
Why it is a spherically concentric form that life information travels in: We will recall Penrose stating that the difference between an electron in a brain and brick (or brick and cell) is its configuration. The cell is usually spherical in shape (click). We will conclude that as cells are usually spherical (and even if they are all not, is does not make a difference where propagation is concerned), that life information (information from cells) travels spherically concentrically. There are examples that would tend to support such a conclusion.
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WHY MUTATION MUST OCCURIts storage in the gonad would be just as it is in the brain in what von Neumann called the natural gene. He described the natural gene as saying that it contains "not the complete description of the object whose construction its presence stimulates. It probably contains only general pointers. General clues."
31.
Untestability: a problem with DarwinismBohr reminded: "We should doubtless kill an animal if we tried to carry the investigation of its organs so far that we could describe the role played by single atoms in vital functions."8
Bohr, N., ibid., "Light and Life," Nature, April 1, 1933, pp. 457 460.
His admissions show some vacillation of belief in random mutation. In a letter to Asa Grey, a Harvard biologist, and one year after the publication of the Origin of the Species, Darwin writes:Popper writes that it is even metaphysical He explains why in one of several examples:
I regard Darwinism as metaphysical ... It is metaphysical because it is not testable ... Take "adaptation." At first sight natural selection appears to explain it, and in a way it does; but hardly in a scientific way. To say that a species now living is adapted to its environment is, in fact, almost tautological ... Adaptation or fitness is defined by modern evolutionists as survival value: there is hardly any possible way of testing a theory (like) this.9 9 Popper, K., Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography, (Routledge Press, London, [1974] 1992), p. 171.
Fred Hoyle, a Fellow to the Royal Society, an Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences, and a Knight, writes:I am inclined to look at everything as resulting from designed laws, with the details, whether good or bad, left to chance ... I cannot think that the world as we see it is the result of chance; yet, I cannot look at each separate thing as the result of Design.10
10 Darwin, C., letters to Asa Grey (may 22 and Nov. 26, 1860), in F. Darwin, Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, John Murray, London, 11:312, p. 378.
II. Seat of the Gonad must receive information from ecosystem Models and two-way communication between the ecosystem, brain, and the Seat of the Gonad It would it seem to you that telephonic information is communicated from the environment to the gonads where plant, animal, and geographic features are accurately recorded within the genome as they exist in reality. By telephonic the name describes itself: visual and sound images of the environment along with all other sensory information.2 Many scientists state that models of the ecosystem exist either in the brain or genome. But, noone says how those models get there.World models exist recorded in the genome and are immediately accessible at the time lower animals emerge from their eggs or cocoons.Therefore it would appear that there must be the circulation of quantum telephonic information utilizing known forces and theories. We suggest that the "tortuous and indirect" method Dawkins speaks of concerning how the ecosystem works its way into the genes is the following: [i] the senses perceive the ecosystem and send this telephonic information to the brain which transcribes it to the gonads, then haploids which fuse together to make the genome. [ii] communication is indirectly from the gonad to the ecosystem via phenotype sensory organs. This is how it reaches out to and manipulates the world; [iii] and also communication occurs through cells genetically identical to the gonad in the form of the outer skin cells: they are in the best position to transmit and receive vibratory waveform information from and to organisms in the ecosystem. XI. The Seat of the Gonad and selective mutation The Seat of the Gonad: a central processing unit of sensory and brain-originated information, and selective mutation the Seat of the Gonad does receive information from the environment which is probably selectively stored; just as visual, olfactory, audio, taste, and touch information is stored in the brain12 it is probably stored in a similar manner in the gonads; this conceivably stored information enables the gonads to imprint scenes from the external world onto the haploids; the gonads can store and use any or all information that is important for specie adaptation. The preceding is a summary of what follows. That information travels to the gonads selectively is witnessed in the fact that human being's sex organs stiffen seeing nudity (visually), being brushed (touch), the scent of perfume (olfactory), words and sounds (hearing), and gustatory (taste of skin salt). Telephonic and sensory information from environment received in milliseconds at the Seat of the Gonad Simpson writes: "The cycle time for a neuron in the brain ... occurs in the millisecond range."13 Penrose writes: "Nerve signals travel unabated (between 'relay stations') at a very respectable speed up to 120 metres per second."14 Thus, in less than one second, environmental information can travel to the Seat of the Gonad.Already in the mid-nineteenth century, however, it was seen that chemical scuffling argument was weak. Thus, Charles Darwin wrote: "... if (and oh what a big if) we could conceive in some warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts present, that a protein compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes ..."11
11 Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N. C. First quote p. 129. Second quote p. 131.
XIII. How telephonic imprintation occurs from ecosystem to Seat of the Gonad I. Pond images: from the ecosystem to the gonads, haploids, genome, and phenotype We will state here that information is recorded from the ecosystem, compressed in the brain, and even moreso within the Seat of the Gonad for transcription to the haploids, genome's, and organisms. The phenotype utilizes and recognizes the audio-visual movies of the sights and sounds of the ecosystem are recorded within the genome. We would like here to mention an example of images recorded within the brain. S. W. Zhang of the Centre for Visual Science at the Australian National University performed pattern discrimination tests on butterflies and found them capable of learning to discern differently shaped camouflage figures: outside recorded inside.18 (Unfortunately, while the brain can store infinite information super computers would be overloaded if they processed in several minutes all the information processed in the body in a single second.) Robert Lewin writes: "The brain processes different types of sensory information from vision, sound, or touch in different neural pathways."19 It is hardly significant to say that this is another demonstration that all manner of sensory data is recorded in compressed form within the brain. Next we consider molecularly compressed information. P. A. Hansson and S. Santoli have produced mathematical models indicating that information from the environment can be exist within a compressed form within the organism.20 We suggest that images and the audio-visual information of the ecosystem can be transferred cell-to-cell and from the brain to the gonads where it can be stored and influence (to be discussed) stored information there and assist in selective mutation.In a letter to Asa Grey, a Harvard biologist, and one year after the publication of the Origin of the Species, Darwin writes: "I am inclined to look at everything as resulting from designed laws."16 And, Darwin declared in the final paragraph of the Origin of the Species, that "The Creator breathed life."17 XXX
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